The history of soap goes back to thousands years ago. The Sumerians and the Egyptians made it as a paste with animal fat and potash. At the time, soap was used for purposes other than daily hygiene: treating skin diseases, bleaching hair and laundry.
It was not until the 2nd century AD that the Romans started using soap for personal hygiene. Then, over the years, the uses of soap and saponification recipes diversified.
The Arabs were able to obtain firmer soap by using the ashes of sea plants that contain lye. Their know-how travelled from the Middle East to the Mediterranean area: Spain, Italy and especially France. And that is how the harbour of Marseille became the main transiting hub for soap!
The designation “Marseille Soap” refers to a revolutionary manufacturing process. Animal fat was substituted with olive oil from the Marseille area, and this made the soap firmer.
Despite the modernity of the soap industry, the basis of saponification has never changed. The process consists in combining lipids or fats with alkaline agents. There are two types of soaps :